Biology Notes “Vitamin” For Railway ALP/Technician & RRB Group D 2018 Exam
Short Notes on Biology for Railway ALP/Technician 2018 & RRB Group D Exam 2018
In continuation to the Short Notes on Biology ,today we will be covering the part I of the Notes from the Biology part of the General Knowledge section. Around 5-8 questions from this topic are asked from this topic in every exam. Thus, the post is very helpful for the upcoming SSC & Railway Exams 2018.
Vitamin is defined as a natural substance that is usually found in foods and that helps your body to be healthy.
There are 13 essential vitamins, including vitamins A, C, D, E, and K and B vitamins.
Vitamins are classified into two groups
- Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). These are rich in liver cells.
- Water soluble vitamins (C, B-complex). These are present in much smaller amounts in cells.
Fat soluble vitamins:
Vitamin A:
Vitamin A is also known as ‘Retinol’.
Deficiency diseases: Night blindness, redness in eyes (Exophthalmia), degeneration of lachrymal glands
Food Source – Liver, some fish, Milk, cheese
Vitamin D:
Vitamin D is also known as ‘Calciferol’.
Deficiency diseases: Rickets in children, Osteomalacia in adults
Food Source – Milk, fortified soya and rice beverages Fortified margarine Some fish, eggs, organ meats, fish liver oils
Vitamin E:
Vitamin E is also known as ‘Tocopherol’.
Deficiency diseases: Sterility nutritional nuclear dystrophy, neurosis of heart muscles.
Food Source – Vegetable oils Avocados, leafy green vegetables Wheat germ, sunflower seeds, some nuts, peanut.
Vitamin K:
Vitamin K is also known as ‘Anti hemorrhagic’.
Deficiency diseases: Blood coagulation is prevented, continuous bleeding occurs.
Food Source – Broccoli, soybeans, dark green leafy vegetables such as kale, collards, turnip/beet greens and spinach.
Water soluble vitamins:
Vitamin B1:
Vitamin B1 is also known as Thiamin.
Deficiency diseases: Beri Beri disease which affects the legs.
Food Source – Whole grains, enriched grains, Liver, pork, dried beans, nuts and seeds
Vitamin B2:
Vitamin B2 is also known as Riboflavin
Food Source – Soybeans, meat and poultry, liver and eggs Mushrooms, Milk, cheese, yogurt Whole grains, enriched grains
Vitamin B3:
Vitamin B3 is also known as niacin.
Food Source –Mushrooms, Peanut, butter, meat, fish, poultry, Whole grains, enriched grains
Vitamin B5:
Vitamin B5 is also known as Pantothenic acid.
Food Source – Mushrooms, Chicken Liver, Sunflower seeds
Vitamin B6:
Vitamin B6 is also known as Pyridoxine.
Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis and convulsions.
Food Source – Potatoes, bananas, Meat, fish, poultry, liver, soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, nuts, sunflower seeds
Vitamin B7:
Vitamin B7 is also known as Biotin (also considered as vitamin H).
Deficiency diseases: Dermatitis, blood cholesterol increases, loss of hair and paralysis.
Food Source – sweet potatoes, Nonfat milk, yogurt, Peanuts, almonds, eggs, liver, soya protein
Vitamin B9:
Vitamin B9 is also known as Folic acid.
Deficiency diseases: Anemia, inflammation of tongue, gastro intestinal disorders
Food Source – Asparagus, cooked spinach, Brussels sprouts, beets, broccoli, corn, green peas, oranges, orange juice
Vitamin B12:
Vitamin B12 is also known as Cyanocobalamin
Deficiency diseases: Pernicious anemia, hyperglycemia
Food Source – milk, cheese, yogurt, fortified soya or rice beverages,Meat, fish, poultry, liver, eggs
Vitamin C:
Vitamin C is also known as ‘Ascorbic acid’.
Deficiency diseases: Scurvy,
Food Source – Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits and their juices, kiwi, strawberries, mangoes, papaya